T-Shirt Construction

Close-up of jersey knit and flatlock seams on a t-shirt

T-Shirt Construction

Knits, seams and finishing -- how a tee is actually built

OD's Designer Clothing · Knowledge Hubs

Two tees can use the same cotton and feel completely different because of how they are knitted and sewn. This hub explains the knit structures, cotton spinning methods and seam techniques that separate a tee that keeps its shape from one that twists and sags after a few washes.

Knit structures

Single Jersey

The standard lightweight tee knit -- smooth on the face, looped on the back, with natural stretch.

How it works

Single jersey is knitted on one set of needles, giving a fine, flexible fabric that drapes well. It is the default for classic summer-weight tees.

What to watch

Cheaper single jersey can curl at the hem and lose shape. Better yarn and a tighter gauge keep it stable.

Interlock Knit

A denser, double-faced jersey that looks the same on both sides and feels smooth and substantial.

How it works

Interlock is effectively two single-jersey fabrics knitted together, so it is thicker, more stable and less prone to curling.

Why it matters

Interlock holds a crisp shape and suits a smarter, more structured tee. It is warmer and heavier than single jersey.

Rib Knit

A stretchy vertical-ribbed knit used mainly at the collar and cuffs to grip and recover.

How it works

Alternating raised and recessed columns give rib knit strong crosswise stretch and recovery, which is exactly what a collar needs.

Quality signal

A dense, springy collar rib that snaps back into shape is one of the clearest markers of a well-made tee.

Slub Jersey

Jersey knitted from irregular, deliberately uneven yarn for a textured, vintage surface.

How it works

The yarn is spun with thick and thin sections ('slubs') so the finished fabric has a subtle, characterful texture rather than a flat face.

Styling

Slub tees read relaxed and lived-in, and hide creasing well, making them a good travel choice.

Loopback Jersey

A heavier jersey with unbrushed loops on the reverse, giving weight and structure without fleece bulk.

How it works

The looped back adds body and a little warmth while keeping the face smooth. It is common in premium heavyweight tees and henleys.

When to choose it

Loopback suits autumn and layering, sitting between a summer tee and a sweatshirt in weight.

Cotton spinning

Ring-Spun Cotton

Cotton spun by twisting and thinning the strands, producing a softer, stronger, smoother yarn.

How it works

The ring-spinning process aligns the fibres tightly, so the yarn is finer and more durable than standard open-end cotton.

Why it matters

Ring-spun tees feel noticeably softer and pill less. It is the baseline you want in a premium tee.

Combed Cotton

Cotton whose short fibres have been combed out before spinning, leaving only the long, smooth strands.

How it works

Combing removes impurities and short fibres, so the remaining yarn is stronger, smoother and less likely to shed.

Feel

Combed cotton has a clean, soft handle and a subtle sheen. Combined with ring-spinning it is the mark of a quality jersey.

Open-End Cotton

A faster, cheaper spinning method that produces a coarser, more uniform but less soft yarn.

How it works

Open-end (rotor) spinning is quicker and less costly, giving a bulkier yarn often used in value and workwear tees.

Trade-off

It is durable and stable but firmer and less refined to the touch than ring-spun cotton.

Seams and finishing

Twin Needle Stitching

A double row of parallel stitching at the hems and sleeves that strengthens seams and lies flat.

How it works

Two needles sew two neat parallel lines, distributing stress so the hem resists popping and rolling.

Quality signal

Twin-needle hems are a quick tell of a properly finished tee -- single-stitched hems wear out faster.

Taped Shoulder Seams

A strip of tape sewn along the shoulder seam to stop it stretching out of shape over time.

How it works

The shoulder carries the weight of the tee, so a reinforcing tape keeps the seam from sagging and the neckline square.

Why it matters

Along with a bound neck tape, shoulder taping is what keeps a tee looking sharp after dozens of washes.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between single jersey and interlock?

Single jersey is a lighter, one-sided knit that drapes and can curl at the hem; interlock is a denser, double-faced knit that looks the same both sides and holds a crisper shape.

Is ring-spun cotton better?

Yes -- ring-spinning aligns the fibres for a softer, stronger, smoother yarn that pills less. Combined with combed cotton it is the baseline for a premium tee.

How can I tell a well-constructed t-shirt?

Look for twin-needle hems, taped shoulder seams, a bound neck tape and a dense, springy collar rib that recovers its shape.

Get the next guide first
New t-shirt guides, restocks and the occasional buyer's tip -- straight to your inbox. No spam.
Unsubscribe any time. We never share your details.